(Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia)(2) Itang Purnama
(Politeknik Negeri Tanah Laut, Indonesia)(3) Ajat Sudrajat
(Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta, Indonesia)(4) Eka Rizky Vury Rahayu
(Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Indonesia)*corresponding author
AbstractPakan aditif khususnya ternak ruminansia dapat dibuat dari berbahan dasar kimia dan alami. Penggunaan aditif berbahan dasar kimiawi lebih banyak digunakan karena efektivitas lebih cepat terlihat dan mendapatkan dosis yang tepat. Namun, penggunaan tersebut menimbulkan residu terhadap produk hasil dari ternak. Aditif alami sebagai pakan ternak terutama ruminansia semakin diperhatikan sebagai pendekatan yang berkelanjutan dalam meningkatkan performa, kualitas produk sampai dengan kesehatanya. Aditif alami bersumber dari berbagai tanaman yang memiliki senyawa bioaktif diantaranya flavonoid, fenolik, dan glikosida. Daun stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) adalah tanaman yang sudah banyak dikembangkan dalam industri pangan sebagai pemanis alami namun belum banyak digunakan dalam bidang peternakan. Potensi senyawa yang dimiliki tanaman tersebut berpotensi dapat bermanfaat untuk pakan ternak. Artikel review bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi peran daun Stevia rebaudiana sebagai pakan aditif alami pada ternak ruminansia yang berpengaruh terhadap konsumsi pakan, fermentasi rumen, kecernaan nutrien, dan performa produksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan daun stevia dalam ransum dapat meningkatkan palatabilitas sehingga mendorong konsumsi pakan. Di sisi lain, kandungan bioaktif yang dimiliki bersifat antimikroba dan antioksidan yang dapat membantu menjaga keseimbangan mikroba rumen serta mengurangi stres oksidatif sehingga meningkatkan efisiensi fermentasi, termasuk produksi asam lemak volatil dan pemanfaatan nutrien. Penelitian lain menunjukkan adanya peningkatan produksi dan kualitas susu, meskipun hasilnya masih terbatas dan belum konsisten. Namun, pemanfaatan daun stevia sebagai pakan aditif masih menghadapi beberapa kendala, seperti keterbatasan level penggunaan optimal, variasi kandungan bahan aktif, serta aspek ekonomi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut pada daun Stevia rebaudiana yang memiliki potensi sebagai aditif pakan alami untuk mendukung sistem produksi ternak ruminansia yang berkelanjutan. KeywordsDaun stevia; Pakan aditif; Ternak ruminansia; Bioaktif
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DOIhttps://doi.org/10.31604/jas.v10i2.24477 |
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