Analisis Window of Opportunity dalam Kebijakan Pengetatan Imigrasi Italia di bawah Kepemimpinan Giorgia Meloni 2022-2024
(1) Ilona Izdihar Welmianti Putri Mail (Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur, Indonesia)
(2) Muhammad Ardimas Jaya Syahputra Mail (Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur, Indonesia)
(3) * Arnold Boby Tiko Rahman Mail (Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur, Indonesia)
(4) Renitha Dwi Hapsari Mail (Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur, Indonesia)
*corresponding author

Abstract


Dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, Italia menghadapi krisis imigrasi, terutama membludaknya imigran dari Afrika dan Timur Tengah. Sebagai negara yang menjadi titik utama masuknya migran, pemerintah Italia merespons melalui serangkaian kebijakan anti-imigrasi. Artikel ini menganalisis pengambilan kebijakan imigrasi Italia dengan menggunakan teori Window of Opportunity oleh Joakim Eidenfalk. Penelitian dilakukan melalui metode kualitatif dengan studi literatur akademik, media massa, dan data statistik. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan Italia bersifat ambivalen: berhasil menahan sebagian arus migrasi dan mendapat dukungan politik domestik, namun menuai kontroversi karena menimbulkan persoalan hak asasi manusia dan keterikatan Italia terhadap hukum internasional. Dengan demikian, penerapan teori Window of Opportunity dapat membantu memahami dinamika tuntutan, dukungan, sumber daya, dan kendala yang membentuk keputusan kebijakan Italia.


Keywords


Kebijakan Luar Negeri; Imigrasi; Italia

   

DOI

https://doi.org/10.31604/jim.v10i2.2026.%25p 		      

Article metrics

10.31604/jim.v10i2.2026.%p Abstract views : 0

   

Cite

How to cite item
   

References


AFP. (2025, July 1). Italy boosts legal work visas, as union says policy falls short. Arab News. https://www.arabnews.com/node/2606551/amp

Amante, A., Armellini, A., & Weir, K. (2025, June 30). Italy to issue half million non-EU work visas over next three years. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/italy-issue-half-million-non-eu-work-visas-over-next-three-years-2025-06-30/

ANSA. (2023, June 13). Meloni-EU forge first agreement but Saied raises stakes. InfoMigrants. https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/49622/melonieu-forge-first-agreement-but-saied-raises-stakes

ANSA. (2024, 12 20). Media use alarmist language about migration. Italy's media giving less coverage to migration issues. https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/61854/italys-media-giving-less-coverage-to-migration-issues

ANSA & InfoMigrants. (2022, 10 25). Matteo Piantedosi is the new interior minister of Italy. He considers 'governing migration' a priority. New Italian interior minister says 'governing migration' priority. https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/44236/new-italian-interior-minister-says-governing-migration-priority

AP News. (2024, January 7). Italy’s regulations on charities keep migrant rescue ships from the Mediterranean. Italy migration rescue ships meloni. https://apnews.com/article/italy-migration-rescue-ships-meloni-52d3137cb7a88aff6c169d52d1ea830e

Armellini, A., Semeraro, G., & Harvey, J. (2025, June 20). Italy's immigration and emigration both soaring, stats agency says. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/italys-immigration-emigration-both-soaring-stats-agency-says-2025-06-20/

Autin, A. (2023, May 12). ‘Emergency’ law reflects an ineffective, inhumane response. Disastrous Clamp Down on Migrants Rights in Italy. https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/05/12/disastrous-clamp-down-migrants-rights-italy

Blanchard, A., Gaole, C., Hatabi, J., Macculi, A., & Trame, A. (2024, January 10). Navigating the Complexities of Italian Migration Policies: Assessing Measures, Agreements, and Humanitarian Implications. Analysing the Maiden Year: An overview of the Foreign Policy of Giorgia Meloni’s Government. https://www.itssverona.it/analysing-the-maiden-year-an-overview-of-the-foreign-policy-of-giorgia-melonis-government

Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE Publications.

Dumont, J. (2024, 10 24). Toughening legislation. Two years of anti-immigrant policy in Giorgia Meloni's Italy. https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/60758/two-years-of-antiimmigrant-policy-in-giorgia-melonis-italy

Dumont, J. (2024, October 24). Two years of anti-immigrant policy in Giorgia Meloni's Italy. InfoMigrants. https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/60758/two-years-of-antiimmigrant-policy-in-giorgia-melonis-italy

Elia, L., Ferraresi, M., & Bove, V. (2019, August 25). Immigration, fear, and public spending on security: The Italian example. VoxEU CEPR. https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/immigration-fear-and-public-spending-security-italian-example

EUR-Lex. (2013, 6 26). REGULATION (EU) No 604/2013 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 26 June 2013. Official Journal of the European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2013:180:0031:0059:en:PDF

Euro news. (2024, January 17). Italy’s strict rules against NGO rescue ships is keeping them from saving migrants at sea. https://www.euronews.com/2024/01/17/italys-strict-rules-against-ngo-rescue-ships-is-keeping-them-from-saving-migrants-at-sea

European Commision. (2024, April 30). the implementation of the Pact on Migration and Asylum. EU Pact on Migration and Asylum: reinforced rules to tackle migration challenges. https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/news/eu-pact-migration-and-asylum-reinforced-rules-tackle-migration-challenges-2024-04-30_en?utm

European Commision. (2025, April 1). Italy - Migration and Home

Affairs - European Commission. Migration and Home Affairs. Retrieved November 3, 2025, from https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/who-does-what/italy_en?prefLang=bg

European Council. (2024, May 14). Work on the asylum and migration pact. Migration and asylum pact. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/eu-migration-asylum-reform-pact/

European Council. (2024, June 23). How the Council coordinates the EU response to crises. Consilium.europa.eu. Retrieved October 6, 2025, from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/ipcr-response-to-crises/#ipcr

European Council On Foreign Relations. (2018, April 17). Migration through the Mediterranean: Mapping the EU response. https://ecfr.eu/special/mapping_migration/

Europol. (2025). Migrant smuggling. Europol. https://www.europol.europa.eu/crime-areas/migrant-smuggling

Fiernaya, M. (2021). KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH ITALIA TERHADAP IMIGRAN. JOM FISIP, 8, 1-12.

Fiernaya, M. (2021, Juni). KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH ITALIA TERHADAP IMIGRAN. KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH ITALIA TERHADAP IMIGRAN, 8(1), 1-12.

Giannetto, L., Guidi, C. F., & Procter, C. (2024, August 1). Made in Italy: is excellence without exploitation possible? Migration Policy Centre. Retrieved November 27, 2025, from https://migrationpolicycentre.eu/made-in-italy-is-excellence-without-exploitation-possible/

Hoque, N. (2024, August 21). Migration Dynamics and the Agricultural Sector. Trapped by Italy’s Policy Paradox, Asylum Seekers and Other Migrants Can Fall into Exploitative Farm Labor. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/italy-migrant-farmworker-exploitation

Human Right Watch. (2025, October 13). People Returned by Libyan Coast Guard Subject to Severe Abuse. Italy: End Border Control Pact with Libya. https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/10/13/italy-end-border-control-pact-with-libya

Kirby, P. (2022, September 26). Giorgia Meloni: Italy's far-right wins election and vows to govern for all. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63029909

Langham, A. (2023, 02 23). COALITION DECLARATION AND SPLIT-TICKET VOTING ELIMINATION. How the Far-Right Won in Italy: A Story of Coalitions and Electoral Law. https://www.electoralintegrityproject.com/eip-blog/2023/2/23/how-the-far-right-won-in-italy-a-story-of-coalitions-and-electoral-law

Marino, A. (2025). Italy Setting Trends in the European Radical Right: The Success of Fratelli d’Italia. National Center of Competence in Research – The Migration-Mobility Nexus. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1I53T8D8ptW5kCXOUAqFL6_aoiJAGXvIBjYPJwP5K3Rk/edit?tab=t.0

Marsi, F., & Di Benedetto, G. (2023, October 20). Italy’s Lampedusa caught between solidarity and survival as migration rises | Migration News. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/20/italys-lampedusa-caught-between-solidarity-and-survival-as-migration-rises

Masera, A. (2017). How does the media on both sides of the Mediterranean report on migration? The Temperature is Down, but Media Coverage still Fails to Tell the full Migration Story, 47-51. https://ethicaljournalismnetwork.org/media-mediterranean-migration-italy

Ministero Dell'Interno. (2010). The Integration Agreement. piemonteimmigrazione. https://www.piemonteimmigrazione.it/losapeviche/en/lets-talk-about-it/258-l-accordo-di-integrazione-2#:~:text=The%20Integration%20Agreement%20is%20an,their%20children%20in%20Italian%20schools.

Nugroho, M. D., & Elistania, E. (2019, 9 20). Implementasi Kebijakan Italia dalam Menanggulangi Krisis Imigran Ilegal yang Melewati Laut Mediterania Tengah Pada Periode 2016-2018. Budi Luhur Journal of Contemporary Diplomacy, 3(2), 116-123. https://jom.fisip.budiluhur.ac.id/index.php/balcony/article/view/206

Oberti, C. (2023, 03 03). The shipwreck off the Calabrian coast of Italy on February 26 was one of the worst of the decade. Many say Italy's strict immigration policy is to blame. Shipwreck in Italy: 'The last tragedy of this kind dates back to 2013'. https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/47200/shipwreck-in-italy-the-last-tragedy-of-this-kind-dates-back-to-2013

Palazzo Chigi. (2024, April 17). Visita in Tunisia, le dichiarazioni alla stampa del Presidente Meloni. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9l4Ickq6Qew

Reuters. (2023, December 6). Italy’s Meloni talks tough on migrants while opening up to foreign workers. Middle East Monitor. https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20231206-italys-meloni-talks-tough-on-migrants-while-opening-up-to-foreign-workers/

Sherlock, R. (2023, September 28). Italy's Lampedusa island struggles with migration crisis. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2023/09/28/1201785102/lampedusa-italy-migrant-crisis-meloni

Sinaga, D. E. S. (2025, July). Posisi Italia terhadap Kebijakan Uni Eropa. Hubungan Italia dengan Uni Eropa di Bawah Kepemimpinan Giorgia Meloni, 4, 1136-1138. https://greenpub.org/JIM/article/view/1157

Skenderoglou, G. (2023, 11 25). Piantedosi Decree: the price of disregard for maritime law. Consequences of the Piantedosi Decree. https://www.sosmediterranee.org/consequence-of-the-piantedosi-decree/

Sugiyono. (2013). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif,Kualitatif dan R&D. ALFABETA, CV. https://digi-lib.stekom.ac.id/assets/dokumen/ebook/feb_35efe6a47227d6031a75569c2f3f39d44fe2db43_1652079047.pdf

Wallis, E. (2024, April 18). Italy's Meloni talks migration in Tunisia. Info Migrants. https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/56538/italys-meloni-talks-migration-in-tunisia

Wallis, E. (2024, December 27). Italy: A year of bold policies to curb irregular immigration. InfoMigrants. https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/61763/italy-a-year-of-bold-policies-to-curb-irregular-immigration


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.