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(Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia)(2) Wishnu Mahendra Wiswayana
(Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia)*corresponding author
AbstractPenelitian ini menganalisis dampak ketergantungan pada minyak terhadap kualitas demokrasi di dua negara Amerika Latin, yaitu Venezuela dan Chile selama periode 2000–2020. Kedua negara dipilih karena mewakili dua kutub ekstrem dalam dinamika demokrasi dan pengelolaan sumber daya alam. Venezuela mengalami kemunduran demokrasi di tengah dominasi ekonomi minyak, sementara Chile tetap mempertahankan stabilitas demokrasi meskipun juga memiliki kekayaan sumber daya alam. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif komparatif dengan analisis regresi linier berganda untuk menguji hubungan antara variabel ekonomi dan demokrasi. Data sekunder digunakan untuk mengukur berbagai dimensi demokrasi berdasarkan indikator yang dikembangkan oleh Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) dan Freedom House. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi minyak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap penurunan kualitas demokrasi, sementara pendapatan minyak dan GDP Per Capita menunjukkan pengaruh yang tidak konsisten. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya peran institusi sebagai faktor penentu dalam membentuk respons negara terhadap kekayaan sumber daya. Temuan ini memperkaya kajian mengenai Rentier State Theory dengan menunjukkan bahwa dampak kekayaan alam terhadap demokrasi sangat bergantung pada jalur institusional dan kapasitas tata kelola masing-masing negara
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DOIhttps://doi.org/10.31604/jim.v9i2.2025.1001-1021 |
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