(Universitas Sintuwu Maroso, Indonesia)(2) Toyip Toyip
(Universitas Kristen Tentena, Indonesia)(3) Ichzar Haiqal
(Universitas Sintuwu Maroso, Indonesia)(4) Ridwan Ridwan
(Universitas Sintuwu Maroso, Indonesia)*corresponding author
AbstractTanaman kakao merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan penting yang menopang perekonomian masyarakat pedesaan di Kabupaten Poso, Sulawesi Tengah. Namun, produktivitas kebun kakao mengalami penurunan akibat umur tanaman yang sudah tua, rendahnya kesuburan tanah, serangan hama dan penyakit, serta dampak perubahan iklim. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk melaksanakan program replanting kakao, meningkatkan kesuburan lahan melalui teknologi konservasi tanah, mengembangkan strategi penanaman kembali pada kebun tanpa mengurangi pendapatan petani, serta mendorong partisipasi aktif masyarakat dalam pengelolaan kebun kakao berkelanjutan. Metode yang diterapkan meliputi pendampingan teknis penanaman kakao dan penerapan sistem agroforestri dengan tanaman jagung/nilam dan tanaman kayu gamal (Gliricidia sepium) yang nantinya berperan pohon pelindung. Tanaman jagung dan nilam adaalah tanaman jangka pendek yang tetap memberikan pendapatan kepada petani sebagai pengganti biji kakao sekaligus naungan awal bagi bibit kakao yang baru tanam. Pohon gamal akan tumbuh cepat menjadi pohon pelindung jangka panjang serta menyumbang bahan organic ke dalam tanah. Hasil kegiatan diharapkan mampu meningkatkan produktivitas kebun kakao, memperbaiki kualitas lahan, menjaga keberlanjutan lingkungan, serta mempertahankan pendapatan masyarakat pedesaan secara menerapkan system pertanian yang berkelanjutan melalui budidaya kakao dalam system agroforestri
Keywordscocoa, replanting, soil conservation, income-enhancing, rural communities
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DOIhttps://doi.org/10.31604/jpm.v9i7.%25p |
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References
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Cilas, C., & Bastide, P. (2020). Challenges to Cocoa Production in the Face of Climate Change and the Spread of Pests and Diseases. Agronomy, 10(9), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091232
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Schroth, G., Läderach, P., Martinez-Valle, A. I., Bunn, C., & Jassogne, L. (2016). Vulnerability to climate change of cocoa in West Africa: Patterns, opportunities and limits to adaptation. Science of the Total Environment, 556, 231–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.024
Singh, K., Sanderson, T., Field, D., Fidelis, C., & Yinil, D. (2019). Soil security for developing and sustaining cocoa production in Papua New Guinea. Geoderma Regional, 17, e00212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geodrs.2019.e00212
Tinoco-Jaramillo, L., Vargas-Tierras, Y., Habibi, N., Caicedo, C., Chanaluisa, A., Paredes-Arcos, F., Viera, W., Almeida, M., & Vásquez-Castillo, W. (2024). Agroforestry Systems of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Forests, 15(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15010195
Tondoh, J. E., Kouamé, F. N. guessa., Martinez Guéi, A., Sey, B., Wowo Koné, A., & Gnessougou, N. (2015). Ecological changes induced by full-sun cocoa farming in CÔte d’Ivoire. Global Ecology and Conservation, 3, 575–595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2015.02.007
Tscharntke, T., Clough, Y., Bhagwat, S. A., Buchori, D., Faust, H., Hertel, D., Hölscher, D., Juhrbandt, J., Kessler, M., Perfecto, I., Scherber, C., Schroth, G., Veldkamp, E., & Wanger, T. C. (2011). Multifunctional shade-tree management in tropical agroforestry landscapes - A review. Journal of Applied Ecology, 48(3), 619–629. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01939.x
BPS. 2021. Luas Tanaman Kakao Sulawesi Tengaah. Badan Pusat Statistik.
Cilas, C., & Bastide, P. 2020. Challenges to Cocoa Production in the Face of Climate Change and the Spread of Pests and Diseases. Agronomy, 10(9), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091232
Gusli, S., Annisaprakasa, H., Riskawati, R., Sumeni, S., Neswati, R., Useng, D., Ali, H., Hamid, S., & Samsuar, S. 2021. Soil quality significance of goat pens positioned on the hilltop of sloping cocoa farms in Polman-Sulawesi. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 807(4). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/807/4/042004
Kohler, M., Dierick, D., Schwendenmann, L., & HOlscher, D. (2010). Water use characteristics of cacao and Gliricidia trees in an agroforest in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Ecohydrology, 3(November 2010), 238–245. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco
Nisa, C., Idris, M., & Rahmadina. (2024). The Effect of Gamal Leaf (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp)-based Liquid Organic Fertilizer on The Vegetative Growth of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Sciscitatio, 5(1), 20–27. https://doi.org/10.21460/sciscitatio.2024.51.164
Rajab, Y. A., Hölscher, D., Leuschner, C., Barus, H., Tjoa, A., & Hertel, D. 2018. Effects of shade tree cover and diversity on root system structure and dynamics in cacao agroforests: The role of root competition and space partitioning. Plant and Soil, 422(1–2), 349–369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-017-3456-x
Saleh, A. R., Gusli, S., Ala, A., Neswati, R., & Sudewi, S. (2022). Tree density impact on growth , roots length density , and yield in agroforestry based cocoa. 23(1), 496–506. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230153
Santosa, E., Sakti, G. P., Fattah, M. Z., Zaman, S., & Wahjar, A. 2018. Cocoa Production Stability in Relation to Changing Rainfall and Temperature in East Java, Indonesia. Journal of Tropical Crop Science, 5(1), 6–17. https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.5.1.6-17
Schroth, G., Läderach, P., Martinez-Valle, A. I., Bunn, C., & Jassogne, L. 2016. Vulnerability to climate change of cocoa in West Africa: Patterns, opportunities and limits to adaptation. Science of the Total Environment, 556, 231–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.024
Singh, K., Sanderson, T., Field, D., Fidelis, C., & Yinil, D. 2019. Soil security for developing and sustaining cocoa production in Papua New Guinea. Geoderma Regional, 17, e00212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geodrs.2019.e00212
Tinoco-Jaramillo, L., Vargas-Tierras, Y., Habibi, N., Caicedo, C., Chanaluisa, A., Paredes-Arcos, F., Viera, W., Almeida, M., & Vásquez-Castillo, W. 2024. Agroforestry Systems of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Forests, 15(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15010195
Tondoh, J. E., Kouamé, F. N. guessa., Martinez Guéi, A., Sey, B., Wowo Koné, A., & Gnessougou, N. 2015. Ecological changes induced by full-sun cocoa farming in CÔte d’Ivoire. Global Ecology and Conservation, 3, 575–595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2015.02.007
Tscharntke, T., Clough, Y., Bhagwat, S. A., Buchori, D., Faust, H., Hertel, D., Hölscher, D., Juhrbandt, J., Kessler, M., Perfecto, I., Scherber, C., Schroth, G., Veldkamp, E., & Wanger, T. C. 2011. Multifunctional shade-tree management in tropical agroforestry landscapes - A review. Journal of Applied Ecology, 48(3), 619–629. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01939.x
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