Kebangkitan Tiongkok Dalam Membendung Hegemoni Amerika Serikat: Studi Kasus Sengketa Laut China Selatan
Abstract
Sengketa Laut China Selatan merupakan salah satu konflik yang memperebutkan wilayah perairan di Asia Tenggara. Dalam perkembangannya pihak yang terlibat di dalamnya tidak hanya berasal dari negara anggota Asia Tenggara akan tetapi juga melibatkan Amerika Serikat dan Tiongkok. Untuk itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kontestasi antara Amerika Serikat dan Tiongkok dalam sengketa Laut China Selatan. Melalui penelusuran dari berita, dokumen dan pernyataan pejabat yang diperoleh dari media online dan teori realisme dari Hans Morgenthau mengenai pola hubungan antara kekuatan, pengaruh dan kewenangan. Di samping itu, wilayah Laut China Selatan memiliki potensi secara ekonomi dan politik. Maka artikel menemukan bahwa kebangkitan Tiongkok dalam hal ekonomi, politik dan militer sebagai bentuk dalam meningkatkan kekuatan negara. Selain itu, Tiongkok memiliki sikap yang agresif dalam sengketa Laut China Seletan bertujuan untuk menggeser pengaruh Amerika Serikat sebagai negara hegemoni khususnya di kawasan Asia-Pasifik. Hal ini juga dibuktikan dengan adanya mega proyek Belt Road Initiative (BRI) sebagai jalur perdagangan yang menghubungkan Asia, Eropa dan Afrika. Di samping itu, Amerika Serika memandang kebangkitan Tiongkok saat ini menjadi ancaman yaitu meruntuhkan supremasi Amerika Serikat. Sehingga Amerika Serikat harus juga meningkatkan kekuatan militernya dengan alasan kebebasan bernavigasi dan berpartisipasi dalam menjaga keamanan serta perdamaian dunia.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31604/jim.v7i2.2023.549-559
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