APLIKASI KOMPOS (JERAMI+TITHONIA) DAN BIOCHAR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KOMBINASI YANG BERBEDA DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN SIFAT KIMIA TANAH PADA LAHAN SAWAH DENGAN METODE SRI (SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION) DI KOTA PADANG

Erick Yuhardi, Gusnidar Gusnidar, Syafrimen Yasin

Abstract


Penelitian Aplikasi Kompos (Jerami + Tithonia) Dan Biochar Dengan Menggunakan Kombinasi Yang Berbeda Dalam Upaya Peningkatan Sifat Kimia Tanah Pada Lahan Sawah Dengan Metode SRI (System Of Rice Intensification) dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2019 - Februari 2020 di Kecamatan Kuranji, Kota Padang, Sumatera Barat dan di lanjutkan di Laboratorium Jurusan Ilmu Tanah, Universitas Andalas. Tujuannya adalah mengkaji pengaruh aplikasi kompos (jerami + tithonia) dan biochar terhadap sifat kimia tanah pada lahan sawah dengan metode SRI. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 6 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. A= kontrol, B= 100%K (kompos), C= 75%K + 25%B (biochar), D= 50%K + 50%B, E= 25%K + 75%B, F= 100%B. Data analisis tanah diuji dengan kriteria penilaian ciri kimia tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan nilai pada perlakuan 25%K (setara 1,87 ton ha-1) + 75%B (5,62 ton ha-1) seperti pH 1,33 (unit), Eh 17,4 (mV), N-total 0,49 (%), C-organik 0,78 (%), P-tersedia 14,75 (%), KTK 19,83 (cmol kg-1), Ca-dd 0,48 (cmol kg-1), Mg-dd 0,45 (cmol kg-1), Na-dd 0,44 (cmol kg-1) dan K-dd 0,27 (cmol kg-1) dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Perlakuan terbaik adalah kompos 25% + biochar 75% dalam meningkatkan sifat kimia tanah sawah kecuali C-organik dan Ca-dd.


Keywords


Biochar, Kompos, Sifat Kimia Tanah, SRI

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adugna, G. 2016. A review on impact of compost on soil properties, water use and crop Productivity. Academic Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Research. Vol. 4(3), pp. 93-104.

Barah, B., 2009. Economic and ecological benefits of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Tamil Nadu. Agricultural Economics Research Review 22, 209–214.

Fangueiro, D., Kidd, P. S., Alvarenga, P., Beesley, L., & de Varennes, A. 2018. Strategies for Soil Protection and Remediation. Soil Pollution, 251–281.

Feng Y C., M.Jun , W.Q Xiang, Z.W Ming, C.X Yi, C.W Fu. 2017. Effects of straw and biochar addition on soil nitrogen, carbon, and super rice yield in cold waterlogged paddy soils of North China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 16(5), 1064–1074.

Guo, J.H., Liu, X.J., Zhang, Y., Shen, J.L., Han, W.X., Zhang, W.F., Christie, P., Goulding, K.W., Vitousek, P.M., Zhang, F.S., 2010. Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands. Science 327 (5968), 1008–1010.

Gusnidar. 2007. Budidaya dan Pemanfaatan Tithonia diversifolia untuk Menghemat Pemupukan N, P, dan K Padi Sawah Intensifikasi [Disertasi]. Padang. Program Doktor Pascasarjana UNAND. 256 hal.

Gusnidar., Fitri, A dan Yasin, S. 2019. Tithonia dan Jerami Padi yang Dikomposkan Terhadap Ciri Kimia Tanah dan Produksi Jagung pada Ultisol. Padang. Jurnal Solum Vol. XVI No. 1, Januari 2019 : 11-18.

Hardjowigeno, S. 2003. Ilmu Tanah. Akademika Pressindo. Jakarta. 286 halaman.

Huang M, Yang L, Qin H D, Jiang L G, Zou Y B. 2013. Quantifying the effect of biochar amendment on soil quality and crop productivity in Chinese rice paddies. Field Crops Research, 154, 172–177.

Islami,T.,Bambang,G., Nur,B.,Agus,S. 2011. Biochar for sustaining productivity of cassava based cropping systems in the dgraded lands of eatst Java, Indonesia. Journal of Tropical Agriculture. 49 (1-2) : 40-46.

Laird D, Fleming P, Wang B, Horton R, Karlen D. 2010. Biochar impact on nutrient leaching from a Midwestern agricultural soil. Geoderma, 158, 436–442.

Lehmann J. 2007. A handful of carbon. Nature, 447, 143–144.

Liang, B., Lehmann, J., Solomon, D., Kinyangi, J., Grossman, J., O'Neill, B., Skjemstad, J. O., Thies, J., Luizão, F. J., Petersen, J., & Neves, E. G. 2006. Black carbon increases cation exchange capacity in soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 70(5), 1719-1730.

Liang B, Lehmann J, Sohi S P, Thies J E, Neill B O, Trujillo L, Gaunt J, Solomon D, Grossman J, Neves E G, Luizão F J. 2010. Black carbon affects the cycling of non-black carbon in soil. Organic Geochemistry, 41, 206–213.

Masulili. 2010. Rice Husk Biochar for Rice Based Cropping System in Acid Soil 1. The Characteristics of Rice Husk Biochar and Its Influence on the Properties of Acid Sulfate Soils and Rice Growth in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Journal Of Agricultural sciense.volume 2 (1) : 39-47.

Nelissen V, Rütting T, Huygens D, Staelens J, Ruysschaert G, Boeckx P. 2012. Maize biochars accelerate short-term soil nitrogen dynamics in a loamy sand soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 55, 20–27.

Uphoff, N., Randriamiharisoa, R., 2002. Reducing water use in irrigated rice production with the Madagascar System of Rice Intensification (SRI). In: Bouman, B.A., Hengsdijk, H., Hardy, B., Bindraban, P.S., Thuong, T.P., Ladha, J.K. (Eds.), Water-Wise Rice Production. International Rice Research Institute, Philippines, Los Banos, pp. 71–87

Spokas K A, Novak J M, Venterea R T. 2012. Biochar’s role as an alternative N-fertilizer: Ammonia capture. Plant and Soil, 350, 35–42.

Stoop, W. A., N. Uphoff, and A. Kassam, 2002: A review of agricultural research issue raised by the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) from Madagascar: opportunities for improving system for resource poor farmers. Agric. Syst. 71, 249–274.

Sudarsono, M.N Sari, Darmawan. 2017. Pengaruh bahan organik terhadap ketersediaan fosfor pada tanah-tanah kaya Al dan Fe. Buletin Tanah dan Lahan, 1 (1): 65-71.

Sujana.I.P., 2014. Rehabitasi lahan tercemar limba garmen dengan pemberian biochar. Disertasi. Universitas udayana. Bali.

Sutton, M.A., Bleeker, A., Howard, C.M., Bekunda, M., Grizzetti, B., Vries, W.D., Grinsven, H.J.M.V., Abrol, Y.P., Adhya, T.K., Billen, G., Davidson, E.A., Datta, A., Diaz, R., Erisman, J.W., Liu, X.J., Oenema, O., Palm, C., Raghuram, N., Reis, S., Scholz, R.W., Sims, T., Westhoek, H., Zhang, F.S., 2013. Our nutrient world: the challenge to produce more food and energy with less pollution. Cent. Ecol. Hydrol.

Van Z L, Kimber S, Morris S, Downie A, Berger E, Rust J, Scheer C. 2010b. Influence of biochars on flux of N2 O and CO2 from ferrosol. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 48, 555–568.

Yasin.S., Hidayat.S., Iko.M., Darfis. I dan Gusnidar .2017. Pengaruh Komposisi Kompos - Biochar dan kapur terhadap Perbaikan Kesuburan Tanah Inceptisol dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman kopi di Alahan Panjang. Laporan Penelitian Mandiri. Fak. Pertanian Univ. Andalas Padang.

Zhao, L., Wu, L., Li, Y., Lu, X., Zhu, D., Uphoff, N., 2009. Influence of the system of rice intensification on rice yield and nitrogen and water use efficiency with different N application rates. Experimental Agriculture 45, 275–286.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31604/jap.v5i2.2081

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 1203 times
PDF - 427 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Jurnal AGROHITA
Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Muhammadiyah Tapanuli Selatan
Jl. Stn Mhd Arief N0 32 Kota Padangsidimpuan, Sumatera Utara

ISSN Online : 2615-336X   ISSN Cetak : 2541-5956

 Lisensi Creative Commons

Jurnal AGROHITA disebarluaskan di bawah Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi 4.0 Internasional.