(Universitas Pertahanan, Indonesia)(2) Eri Radityawara Hidayat
(Universitas Pertahanan, Indonesia)(3) Ichsan Malik
(Universitas Pertahanan, Indonesia)(4) Pujo Widodo
(Universitas Pertahanan, Indonesia)(5) Achmed Sukendro
(Universitas Pertahanan, Indonesia)*corresponding author
AbstractPada akhir tahun 2023 banyak pengungsi Rohingya meninggalkan Bangladesh karena ancaman keamanan menuju Aceh. Masyarakat Aceh menolak kedatangan pengungsi Rohingya di Aceh. Stereotip negatif sering menggambarkan pengungsi sebagai ancaman bagi keamanan negara, kesejahteraan ekonomi, atau nilai-nilai budaya. Stereotip ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh moral foundation individu, yaitu nilai-nilai moral yang melekat pada diri manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis stereotip dan moral foundation yang menjadi dasar penolakan masyarakat Aceh terhadap kedatangan pengungsi Rohingya di Aceh. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian literature review. Literature review ini membahas mengenai pengaruh stereotip dan moral foundation care, fairness, loyalty, authority, dan purity terhadap sikap penolakan terhadap pengungsi, termasuk stereotip dan moral foundation yang dianut masyarakat aceh. Penelitian ini diharapkan bisa menjadi panduan bagi penelitian selanjutnya terkait pengaruh moral foundation masyarakat lokal terhadap pembentukan stereotip terhadap pengungsi yang mengakibatkan sikap penolakan terhadap pengungsi. KeywordsPenolakan Pengungsi, Stereotip, Moral Foundation, Rohingya
|
DOIhttps://doi.org/10.31604/jips.v11i10.2024.3981-3993 |
Article metrics10.31604/jips.v11i10.2024.3981-3993 Abstract views : 0 | PDF views : 0 |
Cite |
Full Text Download
|
References
Abbas Sopamena, C., & Jenderal Achmad Yani, U. (2023). Pengungsi rohingya dan potensi konflik & kemajemukan horizontal di Aceh. In Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan (Vol. 7, Issue 2).
Agus, M. (2024). Polda Aceh Catat 21 Aksi Penolakan Imigran Rohingya. Diunduh di https://www.antaranews.com/berita/3905553/polda-aceh-catat-21-aksi-penolakan-imigran-rohingya.
AlSheddi, M., Russell, S., & Hegarty, P. (2020). How does culture shape our moral identity? Moral foundations in Saudi Arabia and Britain. European Journal of Social Psychology, 50(1), 97–110. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2619
Ansar, A., & Md. Khaled, A. F. (2021). From solidarity to resistance: host communities’ evolving response to the Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh. Journal of International Humanitarian Action, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41018-021-00104-9
Bala, P., & Lumayag, L. A. (2021). The Practice of ‘Othering’’ during COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia: From the cities to the highlands.’ Migration Letters, 18(6), 621–636. https://doi.org/10.33182/ml.v18i6.1587
Baldner, C., & Pierro, A. (2019). Motivated prejudice: The effect of need for closure on anti-immigrant attitudes in the United States and Italy and the mediating role of binding moral foundations. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 70, 53–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2019.03.001
Baloch, A., Shah, S. Z., Noor, Z. M., & Lacheheb, M. (2017). The Economic Effect of Refugee Crises on Neighbouring Host Countries: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan. International Migration, 55(6), 90–106. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12389
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. (2014). Com_Cox’s Bazar.
Barnett, M. D., & Hilz, E. N. (2018). The Psychology of the Politics of Rape: Political Ideology, Moral Foundations, and Attitudes Toward Rape. Violence Against Women, 24(5), 545–564. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801217708887
BBC Indonesia. (2023). 'Bara' di balik penolakan pengungsi Rohingya di Aceh, 'saya sebelas hari di laut, makan sehari sekali'. Diunduh di https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/cxe1j526e6vo
BBC Indonesia. (2023). Pengusiran pengungsi Rohingya oleh mahasiswa di Aceh: 'Kami trauma kejadian di Myanmar'. Diunduh di https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/media-67840123.
Bianco, F., & Kosic, A. (2023). The Effects of Binding Moral Foundations on Prejudiced Attitudes toward Migrants: The Mediation Role of Perceived Realistic and Symbolic Threats. Genealogy, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy7030065
Brown, R., Hinkle, S., Ely, P. G., Foxâ€Cardamone, L., Maras, P., & Taylor, L. A. (1992). Recognizing group diversity: Individualistâ€collectivist and autonomousâ€relational social orientations and their implications for intergroup processes. British Journal of Social Psychology, 31(4), 327–342. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1992.tb00976.x
Bruchmann, K., Koopmann-Holm, B., & Scherer, A. (2018). Seeing beyond political affiliations: The mediating role of perceived moral foundations on the partisan similarity-liking effect. PLoS ONE, 13(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202101
Bye, H. H. (2020). Intergroup Relations During the Refugee Crisis: Individual and Cultural Stereotypes and Prejudices and Their Relationship With Behavior Toward Asylum Seekers. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.612267
Captari, L. E., Shannonhouse, L., Hook, J. N., Aten, J. D., Davis, E. B., Davis, D. E., Van Tongeren, D., & Ranter Hook, J. (2019). Prejudicial and Welcoming Attitudes toward Syrian Refugees: The Roles of Cultural Humility and Moral Foundations. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 47(2), 123–139. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091647119837013
Chowdhury, A. R. (2021). Against unjust laws: Civil society activism for the rights of the stateless rohingya “boat people†in Bangladesh. In South Atlantic Quarterly (Vol. 120, Issue 3, pp. 670–676). Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-9155381
Fahmi, I., Takwin, B., & Muhamad, R. (2019). Nilai Moral sebagai Prediktor Orientasi Politik pada Anggota Organisasi Keagamaan. Psympathic : Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 6(2), 165–180. https://doi.org/10.15575/psy.v6i2.6260
Filipski, M., Tiburcio, E., Dorosh, P., Hoddinott, J., & Rosenbach, G. (2019). Modelling the Economic Impact of the Rohingya Influx in Southern Bangladesh.
Findor, A., Hruška, M., Jankovská, P., & Pobudová, M. (2021). Re-examining public opinion preferences for migrant categorizations: “Refugees†are evaluated more negatively than “migrants†and “foreigners†related to participants’ direct, extended, and mass-mediated intergroup contact experiences. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 80, 262–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2020.12.004
Graham, J., Haidt, J., & Nosek, B. A. (2009). Liberals and Conservatives Rely on Different Sets of Moral Foundations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(5), 1029–1046. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015141
Graham, J., Nosek, B. A., Haidt, J., Iyer, R., Koleva, S., & Ditto, P. H. (2011). Mapping the Moral Domain. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(2), 366–385. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021847
Grossenbacher, A. (2020). Social Cohesion and Peacebuilding in the Rohingya Refugee Crisis in Cox’s Bazar,Bangladesh.
Habib, M. R. (2023). Rohingya refugee–host community conflicts in Bangladesh: issues and insights from the “field.†In Development in Practice (Vol. 33, Issue 3, pp. 317–327). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2022.2090516
Hadarics, M., & Kende, A. (2018). Moral foundations of positive and negative intergroup behavior: Moral exclusion fills the gap. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 64, 67–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2018.03.006
Hadarics, M., & Kende, A. (2021). Politics Turns Moral Foundations into Consequences of Intergroup Attitudes. Social Psychology, 52(3), 185–196. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000447
Harding, N., Fitzpatrick, S., & McCormack, L. (2024). Refugee Oppression in Media and Politics: Vicarious Trauma, Burnout, and Opportunities to Thrive in Refugee Advocates. Traumatology. https://doi.org/10.1037/trm0000511
Hoewe, J., Panek, E., Peacock, C., Sherrill, L., & Wheeler, S. (2022). Using Moral Foundations to Assess Stereotypes: Americans’ Perceptions of Immigrants and Refugees. Journal of Immigrant and Refugee Studies, 20(4), 501–518. https://doi.org/10.1080/15562948.2021.1949657
ISCG. (2022). 2022 JOINT RESPONSE PLAN: ROHINGYA HUMANITARIAN CRISIS.
Jalil, A. A., & Hoffstaedter, G. (2023). The Effects of COVID-19 on Refugees in Peninsular Malaysia: Surveillance, Securitization, and Eviction. Advances in Southeast Asian Studies, 16(1), 79–99. https://doi.org/10.14764/10.ASEAS-0088
Kassim, A. (2014). Recent Trends in Transnational Population Inflows into Malaysia: Policy, Issues and Challenges. Malaysian Journal of Economic Studies, 51(1).
Kim, K. R., & Kang, J.-S. (2013). Liberal–conservative self-identification in Korea: a cross-cultural explanation. Korean Social Science Journal, 40(2), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40483-013-0009-7
Kipgen, N. (2019). The Rohingya crisis: The centrality of identity and citizenship. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 39(1), 61–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2019.1575019
Kotzur, P. F., Forsbach, N., & Wagner, U. (2017). Choose your words wisely: Stereotypes, emotions, and action tendencies toward fled people as a function of the group label. In Social Psychology (Vol. 48, Issue 4, pp. 226–241). Hogrefe Publishing GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000312
Kotzur, P. F., Friehs, M. T., Asbrock, F., & van Zalk, M. H. W. (2019). Stereotype content of refugee subgroups in Germany. European Journal of Social Psychology, 49(7), 1344–1358. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2585
Kugler, M., Jost, J. T., & Noorbaloochi, S. (2014). Another Look at Moral Foundations Theory: Do Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation Explain Liberal-Conservative Differences in “Moral†Intuitions? Social Justice Research, 27(4), 413–431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-014-0223-5
Kumar Mohajan, H. (2018). History of Rakhine State and the Origin of the Rohingya Muslims. IKAT: The Indonesian Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 2(1), 19–46.
Miklian, J. (2019). Contextualising and theorising economic development, local business and ethnic cleansing in Myanmar. Conflict, Security and Development, 19(1), 55–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2019.1561624
Mobayed, T., & Sanders, J. G. (2022). Moral Foundational Framing and Its Impact on Attitudes and Behaviours. Behavioral Sciences, 12(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12050118
Mosher, D. K., Hook, J. N., Captari, L. E., Davis, D. E., DeBlaere, C., & Owen, J. (2017). Cultural humility: A therapeutic framework for engaging diverse clients. Practice Innovations, 2(4), 221–233. https://doi.org/10.1037/pri0000055
Olney, J., Badiuzzaman, M., & Hoque, A. (2019). Social Cohesion, Resilience and Peace Building Between Host Population and Rohingya Refugee Community in Cox’s.
Özdemir, F., Kaynak Malatyalı, M., & Sakallı, N. (2023). Anti-refugee attitudes towards Syrian people living in Turkey: Culture dimensions and motivational personal dispositions. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2023.101809
Roy Chowdhury, A. (2020). An ‘un-imagined community’: the entangled genealogy of an exclusivist nationalism in Myanmar and the Rohingya refugee crisis. Social Identities, 26(5), 590–607. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504630.2020.1782731
Roy Chowdhury, A., & Abid, A. (2022). Treading the border of (il)legality: statelessness, “amphibian life,†and the Rohingya “boat people†of Asia. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, 23(1), 68–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649373.2022.2026595
Rucker, J. M., Murphy, M. C., & Quintanilla, V. D. (2019). The immigrant labeling effect: The role of immigrant group labels in prejudice against noncitizens. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 22(8), 1139–1160. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430218818744
Schiffer, S., Mirilovic, N., & Goldman, M. (2023). Religion, Ideology, and Political Parties’ Positions on Refugees in South Asia and the Middle East. International Migration Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183231162622
Silver, J. R. (2017). Moral Foundations, Intuitions of Justice, and the Intricacies of Punitive Sentiment. Law and Society Review, 51(2), 413–450. https://doi.org/10.1111/lasr.12264
Tay, A. K., Islam, R., Riley, A., Welton-Mitchell, C., Duchesne, B., Waters, V., & Ventevogel, P. (2018). CULTURE, CONTEXT AND MENTAL HEALTH OF ROHINGYA REFUGEES A review for staff in mental health and psychosocial support programmes for Rohingya refugees.
UNHCR. (2021). Rohingya refugee response—Bangladesh factsheet—protection (December 2020)—Bangladesh. Diunduh di https://reliefweb.int/report/bangladesh/rohingya-refugee-response-bangladesh-factsheet-protection-december-2020
UNHCR. (2024). Joint Government of Bangladesh - UNHCR Population Factsheet as of December 2023. Diunduh di https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/106003
VOA Indonesia. (2023). Ratusan Pengungsi Rohingya Tinggalkan Bangladesh Pekan Ini, Tujuannya Indonesia. Diunduh di https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/ratusan-pengungsi-rohingya-tinggalkan-bangladesh-pekan-ini-tujuannya-indonesia/7368485.html
Weissbrodt, D. (2008). The Human Rights of Non-citizens. New York: Oxford University Press.
Wyszynski, M. C., Guerra, R., & Bierwiaczonek, K. (2020). Good refugees, bad migrants? Intergroup helping orientations toward refugees, migrants, and economic migrants in Germany. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 50(10), 607–618. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12699
Xchange. (2018). “The Rohingya Amongst Us.†www.xchange.org
Xuereb, S. (2023). Emotions, perceived threat, prejudice, and attitudes towards helping Ukrainian, Syrian, and Somali asylum seekers. PLoS ONE, 18(9 September). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290335
Yilmaz, O., Harma, M., Bahçekapili, H. G., & Cesur, S. (2016). Validation of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire in Turkey and its relation to cultural schemas of individualism and collectivism.
Personality and Individual Differences, 99, 149–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.090
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
