PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK MAGNESIUM DAN FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA (FMA) TERHADAP FASE VEGETATIF TANAMAN JAGUNG MANIS (Zea Mayz Saccharata Sturt) PADA TANAH ULTISOL

Arif Amrizal, Warnita Warnita, Armansyah Armansyah

Abstract


Tanah ultisol merupakan tanah yang miskin unsur hara luasannya mencapai 25% dari luasan daratan indonesia, magnesium termasuk salah satu unsur hara makro yang ketersediaan bagi tanaman relatif susah. Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) merupakan organisme yang mampu hidup ditanah marginal dan mampu bersimbiosis dengan baik dengan berbagai jenis akar tanaman salah satunya jagung manis, aplikasi magnesium dan FMA diharapkan jadi solusi untuk pengoptimalan fungsi lahan budidaya jagung manis pada tanah ultisol. Tujuan penelitian untuk melihat respon tanaman jagung manis terhadap pemberian pupuk magnesium dengan FMA, melihat interaksi pupuk magnesium dengan FMA pada fase vegetative tanaman jagung manis. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial, yang terdiri dari Faktor pertama (A) pemberian pupuk magnesium dan faktor kedua (M) pemberian  mikoriza, didapat 8 kombinasi percobaan dengan 3 ulangan sehingga didapat 24 satuan percobaan. Faktor pertama (A) pemberian pupuk Magnesium dengan 4 taraf perlakuan (A1) 2 0 kg/ha, (A2) 30 kg/ha, (A3) 40 kg/ha, dan (A4) 50 kg/ha. Faktor kedua (M) pemberian mikoriza dengan 2 taraf perlakuan. Tanpa mikoriza (M₀) dan Pemberian micoriza (M1). Pengamatan Tinggi tanaman, Diameter batang, Luas Daun, Laju Asimilasi Bersih  (LAB), Laju Tumbuh Relatif  (LTR), Umur keluar bunga jantan dan umur keluar bunga betina, Pengamatan FMA. Hasil penelitian pada fase vegetatif tanaman jagung manis seperti tinggi tanaman, luas daun dan LAB tanaman tidak memberikan pengaruh pada tanaman, sedangkan diameter batang, LTR dan infeksi akar menunjukkan perbedaan pada pemberian FMA, pemberian pupuk Mg tidak berbeda nyata. Umur muncul bunga pemberian FMA tidak berbeda nyata sedangkan pemberian pupuk Mg ada perbedaan.

Keywords


FMA, Magnesium, Jagung manis, Ultisol

Full Text:

PDF

References


Ainsworth, E.A., Rogers, A., 2007. The response of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance to rising [CO2]: mechanisms and environmental interactions. Plant Cell Environ. 30, 258–270.

Aitken R.L, Dickson T, Hailes K.J, Moody P.W. 1999 . Response of field-grown maize to applied magnesium in acidic soils in north-eastern Australia, Aust. J. Agvic. Res. 50. 191-198.

Alibasyah, R. 2016. Perubahan beberapa sifat fisika dan kimia ultisol akibat pemberian pupuk kompos dan kapur dolomite pada lahan berteras. J. Floratek. Vol : 11. No : 1. p. 75-87.

Alzueta, I., Abeledo, L.G., Mignone, C.M., Miralles, D.J., 2012. Differences between wheat and barley in leaf and tillering coordination under contrasting nitrogen and sulfur conditions. Eur. J. Agron. 41, 92–102.

Averill, C., Bhatnagar, J.M., Dietze, M.C., Pearse, W.D., Kivlin, S.N., 2019. Global imprint of mycorrhizal fungi on whole-plant nutrient economics. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 116 (46), 23163_23168.

Bahram, M., Hildebrand, F., Forslund, S. K., Anderson, J. L., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Bodegom, P. M., & Huerta-Cepas, J. 2018. Structure and function of the global topsoil microbiome. Nature, 560(7717), 233–237

Bago B . 2000. Putative sites for nutrient uptake in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Plant Soil 226 : 263–274

Begum, Y. A., & Deka, S. C. (2019). Chemical profiling and functional properties of dietary fibre rich inner and outer bracts of culinary banana flower. Journal of Food Science & Technology. https ://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-04000-4

Ben-Asher, J., Garcia, Y.G.A, Hoogenboom, G., 2008. Effect of high temperature on photosynthesis and transpiration of sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. rugosa). Photosynthetica. 46, 595-603.

Bingham, M.A., Simard, S.W., 2011. Do mycorrhizal network benefits to survival and growth of interior Douglas-fir seedlings increase with soil moisture stress? Ecology and evolution 1, 306e316.

Bintang, Guchi, H., dan G, Simanjuntak. 2012. Perubahan Sifat Tanah Ultisol untuk Mendukung Pertumbuhan Tanaman Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) oleh Perlakuan Kompos dan Jenis Air Penyiram. Departemen Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, USU Medan.

Bonfante P., Venice F. (2020). Mucoromycota: going to the roots of plant-interacting fungi. Fungal Biol. Rev. 34 100–113. 10.1016/j.fbr.2019.12.003

Brundett, M., Tedersoo, L., 2018. Evolutionary history of mycorrhizal symbioses and global host plant diversity. New Phytol. 220, 1108–1115.

Budi S.W., Kemala I.F., Turjaman M. 2014. Pemanfaatan fungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA) dan arang tempurung kelapa untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan semai Gmelina arborea Roxb. Dan Ochroma bicolor Rowlee. di persemaian. J.Silvikultur Trop 5 (1): 24-32

Cakmak I and Yazici A.M,. 2010. Magnesium: a forgotten element in crop production, Better Crops 94 .P. 23-25.

Carvalho R.F., Campos M.L., Azevedo R.A., 2011. The role of phytochrome in stress tolerance, J. Integr. Plant Biol. 53 P. 920–929.

Cerrudo, A., di Matteo, J.A., Fernandez, E., Robles, M., Pico Olmedo, L., Andrade, F.H., 2013. Yield components of maize as affected by short shading periods and thinning. Crop Pasture Sci. 64, 580–587.

Chen Z.C.,Peng W.T., Li J., Liao H. 2017. Functional dissection and transport mechanism of magnesium in plants. Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China; Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.005

Conn, S.J., Conn, V., Tyerman, S.D., Kaiser, B.N., Leigh, R.A., Gilliham, M., 2011. Magnesium transporters, MGT2/MRS2-1 and MGT3/MRS2-5, are important for magnesium partitioning within Arabidopsis thaliana mesophyll vacuoles. New Phytologist 190, 583-594.

Dodd, J.C., Boddington, C.L., Rodriguez, A., Gonzalez-Chavez, C., Mansur, I .2000. Mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) from different genera: form, function and detection. Plant Soil 226:131–151

Farzaneh, M., Wichmann, S., Vierheilig, H., Kaul, H.P., 2009. The effects of arbuscular mycorrhiza and nitrogen nutrition on growth of chickpea and barley. Pflanzenbauwissenschaften 13 (1), 15_22.

Farzaneh, M., Vierheilig, H., Lo¨ssl, A., Kaul, H.P., 2011. Arbuscular mycorrhiza enhances nutrient uptake in chickpea. Plant. Soil. Environ. 57 (10), 465_470

Ferrol, N., Tamayo, E., Vargas, P., 2016. The heavy metal paradox in arbuscular mycorrhizas: from mechanisms to biotechnological applications. J. Exp. Bot. 67 (22),P.6253–6265.

Field K.J., Cameron D.D., Leake J.R., Tille S., Bidartondo M.I.,Beerling D.J., 2012. Contrasting arbuscular mycorrhizal responses of vascular and non-vascular plants to a simulated Palaeozoic CO2 decline. Nat Commun. 3:835.

Gavassi M.A.,Monteiro C.C., Campos M.L.,Melo H.C., Carvalho R.F. 2017. Phytochromes are key regulators of abiotic stress responses in tomato, Sci. Hortic. 222 .P. 126–135.

Ghannoum, O., 2009. C4 photosynthesis and water stress. Ann. Bot. 103, 635–644

Grzebisz W., 2011. Magnesium-food and human health, J Elem. 16 .P. 299-323.

Hao, Z., Xie, W., Jiang, X., Wu, Z., Zhang, X., Chen, B., 2019. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus improves rhizobium glycyrrhiza seedling symbiosis under drought stress. Agronomy 9 (10), 572

Herlina, 2011. Kajian Variasi Jarak Dan Waktu Tanam Jagung Manis dalam Sistem Tumpang Sari Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) dan Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogeal. L). Artikel Program Pasca Sarjana Universitas Andalas. Padang

Hidayati, N. 2009. Efektivitas Pupuk Hayati pada berbagai Lama Simpan terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Padi(Oryza sativa) dan Jagung (Zea mays). Skripsi. Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor

Hoysted G. A., Kowal J., Jacob A. S., Rimington W. R., Duckett J. G., Pressel S., et al. (2018). A mycorrhizal revolution. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 44 1–6. 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.12.004

Inagaki N.,Kinoshita K.,Kagawa T.,Tanaka A.,Ueno O.,Shimada H.,Takano M., 2013. Phytochrome B mediates the regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis through transcriptional regulation of ChlH and GUN4 in rice seedlings, Rice Sci. 20 (4) P. 243–248.

Jalonen, R., Nygren, P., Sierra, J., 2009. Transfer of nitrogen from a tropical legume tree to an associated fodder grass via root exudation and common mycelial networks Plant. cell & environment 32, 1366e1376.

Kafid, M., Aini, L.Q. dan Prasetya, B. 2015. Peran mikoriza arbuskula dan bakteri Pseudomonas fluorescens dalam meningkatkan serapan P dan pertumbuhan tanaman jagung pada andisol. Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan 2(2):191- 197.

Keymer. A, Pimprikar. P. Wewer. V, Huber. C, Brands. B, Bucerius. S.L, Delaux. P.M, Klingl. V, Lahaye. E.V.R.P, Wang T.L, Eisenreich. W, Dormann.P , Parniske. M, Caroline Gutjahr. C ., 2017. Lipid transfer from plants to arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi. eLife. 33 Hal.

Kong S.G And Okajima K. 2016. Diverse photoreceptors and light responses in plants, J. Plant Res. 129 (2016) 111–114.

Kreslavski V.D.,Shirshikova G.N., Yu V., Lyubimov., Shmarev A.N., Boutanaev A., Kosobryukhov A.A., Schmitt F.J., Friedrich T., Allakhverdiev S.I., 2013. Effect of preillumination with red light on photosynthetic parameters and pro-/antioxidant balance in wild type and mutant hy2 Arabidopsis thaliana in response to UV-A, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 127 .P. 229–236.

Kreslavski V.D.,Shirshikova G.N., Yu V., Lyubimov., Shmarev A.N., Boutanaev A., Kosobryukhov A.A., Schmitt F.J., Friedrich T., Allakhverdiev S.I., 2013. Preillumination of lettuce seedlings with red light enhances the resistance of photosynthetic apparatus to UV-A, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 122 .P. 1–6.

Lamakoma C.R., Patty J.R., Amba M. 2019. Pengaruh Pupuk Organik Cair dan Pupuk Majemuk Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Jagung Ketan (Zea mays var. ceratina). Program Studi Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Pattimura. Jurnal Budidaya Pertanian Vol. 15(2): 127-133. DOI: 10.30598/jbdp.2019.15.2.127

Lourdes G.C.M., Stephane D.,Maryline C.S., 2021. Impact of increasing chromium (VI) concentrations on growth, phosphorus and chromium uptake of maize plants associated to the mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833. Instituto de Investigaciones en Cs. Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR, CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Cs Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Exp. Villarino, Zavalla, 2123, Argentina. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05891

Luginbuehl L.H, Menard G.N, Kurup S, Van Erp H.., Radhakrishnan G.V,Breakspear A, Giles E. D. Oldroyd, Eastmond P.J .,2017. Fatty acids in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are synthesized by the host plant. Science 356, 1175–1178.

Lundqvist T and Schneider G. 1991. Crystal structure of activated ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase complexed with its substrate, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate, J. Biol. Chem. 266 .P. 12604-12611.

Maguire M.E.., J.A. Cowan. 2002. Magnesium chemistry and biochemistry, Biometals 15 .P. 203-210.

Marschner H. 2012. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants, Academic Press, London, UK

Mőglich A., Yang X, Ayers R.A., Moffat K . 2010. Structure and function of plant photoreceptors, Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 61 (2010) 21–47

Muneer, M.A., Wang, P., Zhang, J., Li, Y., Munir, M.Z., Ji, B., 2020. Formation of Common Mycorrhizal Networks Significantly Affect Plant Biomass and Soil Properties of the Neighboring Plants under Various Nitrogen Levels Microorganisms, vol. 8, p. 230

Musyayyadah, H.A dan Vonnisa M,. 2019. Analisa Pola Temperatur Udara Permukaan di Sumatera Barat Tahun 1980 – 2017. Jurusan Fisika Universitas Andalas. Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol. 8, No. 1

Mutaqin Z., Saputra H ., dan Ahyuni D . 2019. Respons Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Jagung Manis terhadap Pemberian Pupuk Kalium dan Arang Sekam. Jurusan Budidaya Tanaman Pangan Politeknik Negeri Lampung. Jurnal Planta Simbiosa Volume 1(1)

Nakano-Hylander, A., Olsson, P.A., 2007. Carbon allocation in mycelia of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi during colonisation of plant seedlings. Soil Biol. Biochem. 39, 1450e1458.

Nikolic, M., and Pavlovic, J. (2018). "Plant responses to iron deficiency and toxicity and iron use efficiency in plants," in Plant micronutrient use efficiency, eds. M.A. Hossain, T. Kamiya, D.J. Burritt, L.-S. Phan Tran & T. Fujiwara. 1st edition ed: Elsevier/Academic Press), 55-69

Novizan. 2002. Petunjuk Pemupukan yang Efektif. Agromedia Pustaka.

Nurhayati. 2012. Infektivitas mikoriza pada berbagai jenis tanaman inang dan beberapa jenis sumber inokulum. Jurnal Floratek 7:25-31.

Nuridayati, S.S., Prasetya B., Kurniawan S., 2019. Perbanyakan Berbagai Jenis Mikoriza Arbuskula Di Berbagai enis Tanaman Inang. Jurusan Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145. Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan Vol 6 No 2 : 1375-1385

Oliveira, E.M.M., Ruiz, H.A., Alvarez V, V.H., Ferreira, P.A., Costa, F.O., and Almeida, I.C.C. (2010). Nutrient supply by mass flow and diffusion to maize plants in response to soil aggregate size and water potential. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 34, 317-328. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832010000200005.

Oliverio, A. M., Geisen, S., Delgado-Baquerizo, M., Maestre, F. T., Turner, B. L., & Fierer, N. 2020. The globalscale distributions of soil protists and their contributions to belowground systems. Science Advances, 6(4), eaax8787

Peraudeau, S., Lafarge, T., Roques, S., Quinones, C.O., Clement-Vidal, A., Ouwerkerk, P.B.F., Jeroen Van Rie,J., Fabre,D., Jagadish,.S.V.K, Dingkuhn, M., 2015. Effect of carbohydrates and night temperature on night respiration in rice. J. Ex. Bot. 66, 3931– 3944.

Permanasari, I., Dewi, K.M., Irfan, M. dan Arminudin, A.T.. 2016. Peningkatan efisiensi pupuk fosfat melalui aplikasi mikoriza pada kedelai. Jurnal Agroternologi 6(2):23-30

Phillips, H. R., Guerra, C. A., Bartz, M. L., Briones, M. J., Brown, G., Crowther, T. W., & Orgiazzi, A. 2019. Global distribution of earthworm diversity. Science, 366(6464), 480–485.

Pulungan, A.S. 2015. Biodiversity of Mikoriza in Red Pepper Rhizosfer.Jurnal Biosains, 1(3), 125-129

Puspadewi, S., Sutari W ., Kusumiyati . 2016. Pengaruh konsentrasi pupuk organik cair (POC) dan dosis pupuk N, P, K terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung manis (Zea mays L. var Rugosa Bonaf) kultivar Talenta. Department of Crop Science, Padjadjaran University. Jurnal Kultivasi Vol. 15

Prasetyo, B. H., dan D. A. Suriadikarta. (2006). Klasifikasi, Potensi dan Teknologi Pengelolaan Tanah Ultisol -Pengembangan Lahan Kering di Indonesia. Diakses darihttp://litbang.deptan.go.id

Prayudyaningsih, R., Sari R. 2016. Aplikasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) dan Kompos Untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Semai Jati (Tectona grandis Linn f) Pada Media Tanah Bekas Tambang Kapur. Balai Penelitian Kehutanan Makassar. Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea Vol. 5: 37- 46

Prober, S. M., Leff, J. W., Bates, S. T., Borer, E. T., Firn, J., Harpole, W. S., & Cleland, E. E. 2015. Plant diversity predicts beta but not alpha diversity of soil microbes across grasslands worldwide. Ecology Letters, 18(1), 85–95.

Rahman, M., Hossain, M.A., Ali, M.E., Anik, M.F.A., Alam, F., 2019. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, rhizobium and phosphorus on mungbean (Vigna radiata) in saline soil. Bangladesh J. Agric. Res. 44 (1), 153_165.

Rajiman ,. 2020. Pengantar Pemupukan. PENERBIT DEEPUBLISH. Yogyakarta. 142 hal

Rasouli-Sadaghiani, M.H., Barin, M., Khodaverdiloo, H., Moghaddam, S.S., Damalas, C.A., Kazemalilou, S., 2019 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobacteria promote growth of Russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens L.) in a Cd-contaminated soil. J. Plant. Growth Regul. 38 (1), 113_121.

Raven, J.A., Edwards, D., 2001. Roots: evolutionary origins and biogeochemical significance. J. Exp. Bot. 52, 381e401.

Rengganis, D. 2013. Studi Keanekaragaman Genus Mikoriza Arbuskula di Sekitar Perakaran Pohon Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) Alami. Skripsi. Departemen Silvikultur Fakultas Kehutanan Institut Pertanian Bogor

Rich MK, Nouri E, Courty P-E, Reinhardt D. 2017. Diet of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Bread and butter? Trends Plant Sci;22:652–60.

Rissler H.M., Collakova E., DellaPenna D., WhelanJ., Pogson B.J. 2002. Chlorophyll biosynthesis. Expression of a second chl I gene of magnesium chelatase in Arabidopsis supports only limited chlorophyll synthesis, Plant Physiol 128 .P. 770-779

Rockwell N.C., Yi-Shin Su, and J. Clark Lagarias. 2006. Phytochrome Structure and Signaling Mechanisms. Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 ; P 837-858

Roli, I. 2013. Respon beberapa varietas tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.) hibrida pada berbagai dosis pupuk kalium terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil beberapa varietas tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.) hibrida. Skripsi. Program Studi Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gorontalo. Gorontalo.

Saddique, M.A.B., Ali, Z., Khan, A.S., Rana, I.A., Shamsi, I.H., 2018. Inoculation with the endophyte Piriformospora indica significantly affects mechanisms involved in osmotic stress in rice. Rice 11, 34.

Saini, I., Yadav, K., Aggarwal, A., 2019. Response of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi along with Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens on the growth, biochemical attributes and vase life of Chrysanthemum indicum. J. Environ. Biol. 40 (2), 183_191.

Sari, R.R. dan D. Ermavitalini. 2014. Identifikasi Mikoriza dari Lahan Desa Cabbiya Pulau Poteran, Sumenep Madura. Jurnal Sains dan Seni Pomits 3(2) , 2337-3520

Senbayram. M, Gransee. A, Wahle. V, Thiel. H., 2015. Role of magnesium fertilisers in agriculture: plant-soil continuum, Crop Pasture Sci. 66 1219-1229.

Shaul O., 2002. Magnesium transport and function in plants: the tip of the iceberg, Biometals 15 P. 307–321.

Shi, W., Muthurajan, R., Rahman, H., Selvam, J., Peng, S., Zou, Y., Jagadish, S.V.K, 2013. Source–sink dynamics and proteomic reprogramming under elevated night temperature and their impact on rice yield and grain quality. New Phytol. 197, 825– 837.

Smith F., Smith S.A., 2015. How harmonious are arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses? Inconsistent concepts reflect different mindsets as well as results. New Phytol. 205, 1381–1384.

Smith S.E., Read D.J. 2010 Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. edn 3. London. Academic Press

Sujana. I,P dan I.N.L.S Pura . 2015. Pengelolaan Tanah Ultisol Dengan Pemberian Pembenah Organik Biochar Menuju Pertanian Berkelanjutan. Staff Pengajar Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar. Arimeta: Jurnal Pertanian Berbasis Keseimbangan Ekosistem . vol : 05

Su J., Liu B,Liao J., Yang Z.,Lin C., Oka Y. 2017. Coordination of cryptochrome and phytochrome signals in the regulation of plant light responses, Agronomy 7 (2017) 25, http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy7010025.

Teste, F.P., Simard, S.W., Durall, D.M., Guy, R.D., Berch, S.M., 2010. Net carbon transfer between Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca seedlings in the field is influenced by soil disturbance. J. Ecol. 98, 429e439.

Teste, F.P., Simard, S.W., Durall, D.M., Guy, R.D., Jones, M.D., Schoonmaker, A.L., 2009. Access to mycorrhizal networks and roots of trees: importance for seedling survival and resource transfer. Ecology 90, 2808e2822

Tran, B.T.T., Watts-Williams, S.J., Cavagnaro, T.R., 2019. Impact of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on the growth and nutrition of fifteen crop and pasture plant species. Funct. Plant Biol. 46, 732–742. https://doi.org/10.1071/FP18327

Urbanov_a, M., _Snajdr, J., & Baldrian, P. 2015. Composition of fungal and bacterial communities in forest litter and soil is largely determined by dominant trees. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 84, 53–64.

Utomo, M.,Sudarsono, B.Rusman, T.Sabrina, J. Lumbanraja. 2015. Ilmu Tanah (Dasar-dasar dan Pengelolaannya). Prenadamedia. Jakarta. 433 hal.

Van Den Hoogen, J., Geisen, S., Routh, D., Ferris, H., Traunspurger, W., Wardle, D. A., & Bardgett, R. D. 2019. Soil nematode abundance and functional group composition at a global scale. Nature, 572(7768), 194–198.

Verbruggen N., and Hermans C. 2013. Physiological and molecular responses to magnesium nutritional imbalance in plants, Plant Soil 368 .P. 87-99

Wang H., and Wang H. 2014. Phytochrome signaling: Time to tighten up the loose ends. Mol. Plant. Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Beijing doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2014.11.021.

Wen, Z., Li, Hongbo, Shen, Q., Tang, X., Xiong, C., Li, Haigang, Pang, J., Ryan, M.H., Lambers, H., Shen, J., 2019. Tradeoffs among root morphology, exudation and mycorrhizal symbioses for phosphorusacquisition strategies of 16 crop species. New Phytol. 223, 882–895. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15833

Wulfsohn D and Nyengaard J.R., 1999. Simple stereological procedure to estimate the number and dimensions of root hairs. Department of Agricultural and Bioresource Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada. Plant and Soil 209: 129–136

Xu J., Liu Y., Jian Liu., Cao M., Wang J., Lan H., Xu Y., Lu Y., Pan G., Rong T. 2012. The Genetic Architecture of Flowering Time and Photoperiod Sensitivity in Maize as Revealed by QTL Review and Meta Analysis. Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China

Yang Y.S., Guo X.X., Liu H.F., Liu G.Z.., Liu W.M., Ming B., Xie R.Z., Wang K.R., Hou P., Li S.K., 2021. The effect of solar radiation change on the maize yield gap from the perspectives of dry matter accumulation and distribution. The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, P.R.China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 20(2): 482–493

Yusuf M. 2016. Pengaruh Pupuk Kandang Ayam Dan Kalium Terhadap Laju Tumbuh Relatif dan Laju Asimilasi Bersih Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt). Program Studi Agroekoteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Malikussaleh. Jurnal Agrium 13(1), Maret 2016. Hlm. 20-23

Zaki, M.K., Rahmat, A., Pujiasmanto, B., 2020. Organic amendment and fertilizer effect on soil chemical properties and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in rainfed condition. Walailak J. Sci. Technol. (WJST) 17 (1), 11_17.

Zhao J., Zhou J.J., Wang Y.Y.,Gu J.W., Xie X.Z., 2013. Positive regulation of phytochrome B on chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development in rice, Rice Sci. 20 P. 243–248




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31604/jap.v6i1.3245

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 5642 times
PDF - 2110 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Jurnal AGROHITA
Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Muhammadiyah Tapanuli Selatan
Jl. Stn Mhd Arief N0 32 Kota Padangsidimpuan, Sumatera Utara

ISSN Online : 2615-336X   ISSN Cetak : 2541-5956

 Lisensi Creative Commons

Jurnal AGROHITA disebarluaskan di bawah Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi 4.0 Internasional.